[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"painting-girl-with-a-pearl-earring":3,"painting-artists-girl-with-a-pearl-earring":80},{"title":4,"id":5,"artists":6,"slug":32,"date":33,"description":34,"height":35,"image":36,"inPrivateCollection":37,"isLocationUnknown":37,"originalTitle":38,"popularity":39,"width":40,"wikipediaId":41,"collections":42,"genres":43,"museum":48,"movements":73,"mediums":75},"Girl with a Pearl Earring","1e685573-2cc0-4a4a-a19d-06652ee22d49",[7],{"name":8,"id":9,"nationality":10,"slug":14,"biography":15,"born":16,"death":17,"image":18,"popularity":19,"sex":20,"wikipediaId":21,"movements":22},"Johannes Vermeer","ad9d6e2f-2c64-494a-a9c9-b55c2e9aee8d",{"id":11,"name":12,"slug":13},"a9c6c9dc-fe5f-46ac-ad89-5121979f7bb7","Dutch","dutch","johannes-vermeer","Johannes Vermeer (\u002Fvərˈmɪər, vərˈmɛər\u002F vər-MEER, vər-MAIR, Dutch: ; see below; also known as Jan Vermeer; October 1632 – 15 December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. He is considered one of the greatest painters of the Dutch Golden Age. During his lifetime, he was a moderately successful provincial genre painter, recognized in Delft and The Hague. He produced relatively few paintings, primarily earning his living as an art dealer. He was not wealthy; at his death, his wife was left in debt.\n\nVermeer worked slowly and with great care, and frequently used very expensive pigments. He is particularly renowned for making masterful use of light in his work. \"Almost all his paintings\", Hans Koningsberger wrote, \"are apparently set in two smallish rooms in his house in Delft; they show the same furniture and decorations in various arrangements and they often portray the same people, mostly women.\"\n\nThe modest celebrity he enjoyed during his life gave way to obscurity after his death. He was barely mentioned in Arnold Houbraken's major source book on 17th-century Dutch painting (Grand Theatre of Dutch Painters and Women Artists, published 1718) and, as a result, was omitted from subsequent surveys of Dutch art for nearly two centuries. In the 19th century, Vermeer was rediscovered by Gustav Friedrich Waagen and Théophile Thoré-Bürger, who published an essay attributing 66 works to him, although only 34 paintings are universally attributed to him today. Since that time, Vermeer's reputation has grown enormously.","1632-10-31","1675-12-15","johannes-vermeer\u002Fjohannes-vermeer",6,"MALE","Johannes_Vermeer",[23,28],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":27},"Baroque","645c114f-78c5-4b27-98f2-fc83d056fc37","baroque","",{"name":29,"id":30,"slug":31,"dates":27},"Dutch Golden Age","88b1c589-4227-4a35-ba19-83c4ee884ff8","dutch-golden-age","girl-with-a-pearl-earring","c. 1665","Girl with a Pearl Earring (Dutch: Meisje met de parel) is an oil painting by Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer, dated c. 1665. Going by various names over the centuries, it acquired its present title towards the end of the 20th century. The work has been in the collection of the Mauritshuis in The Hague since 1902 and has been the subject of various literary and cinematic treatments.\n\nThe painting is a tronie, the Dutch 17th-century description of a \"head\" that was not meant to be a portrait. It depicts a European girl wearing \"exotic dress\", an \"oriental turban\", and what appears to be a very large pearl as an earring. The identity of the subject is unknown. She may have been real or imagined, or she might represent a Sibyl or a biblical figure. She has also been said to be the artist's eldest daughter, Maria, though some art historians dismiss this speculation as an anachronism. The work is oil on canvas and is 44.5 cm (17.5 in) tall by 39 cm (15 in) wide. It is signed \"IVMeer\" but not dated. It is estimated to have been painted around 1665.\n\nThe most recent (1994) restoration of the painting brought out hidden subtleties in the colour scheme and deepened the intimacy of the girl's gaze towards the viewer. During this process, it was discovered that the dark background, today somewhat mottled, was originally a deep enamel-like green. This effect was produced by applying a thin transparent layer of paint—a glaze—over the black background seen now. However, the two organic pigments of the green glaze, indigo and weld, have faded. In 2014, Dutch astrophysicist Vincent Icke raised doubts about the material of the earring, arguing that it looks more like polished tin than pearl on the grounds of the specular reflection, the pear shape and the large size of the earring.\n\nIt was claimed in October 2025 that the subject of the painting was Magdalena, the 12-year-old daughter of Vermeer's chief patron Pieter Claesz van Ruijven, who lived in Delft in the Old Town in a house called the Golden Eagle. The family were said to have been Remonstrantist Christians, for whom the biblical Mary Magdalene was an important figure and after whom their daughter was named. It is suggested that the portrait with its biblical style of clothing was painted to commemorate Magdalena's baptism into the church.",44.5,"johannes-vermeer\u002Fgirl-with-a-pearl-earring\u002Fgirl-with-a-pearl-earring",false,"Meisje met de parel (Dutch)",4,39,"Girl_with_a_Pearl_Earring",[],[44],{"name":45,"id":46,"slug":47},"Portrait","5e6f789a-abcd-4ef0-1234-567890abcdef","portrait",{"address":49,"latitude":50,"longitude":51,"name":52,"zipCode":53,"id":54,"city":55,"slug":65,"description":66,"background":67,"logo":68,"phone":69,"popularity":70,"schedules":71,"website":72,"wikipediaId":52},"Plein 29",52.0803,4.3142,"Mauritshuis","2511 CS","9ba10408-1736-46d1-8629-77500d746212",{"latitude":56,"longitude":57,"name":58,"id":59,"country":60,"slug":64,"image":27},52.0786,4.2887,"The Hague","1e046a86-f8bb-4ab9-9f1d-cf981c831c71",{"id":61,"name":62,"slug":63},"d32bdaf3-2c44-4fc1-b4bb-b17dc393d1f3","Netherlands","netherlands","the-hague","mauritshuis","The Mauritshuis (Dutch pronunciation: , The Hague dialect: ; lit. 'Maurice House') is an art museum in The Hague, Netherlands. The museum houses the Royal Cabinet of Paintings which consists of 854 objects, mostly Dutch Golden Age paintings. The collection contains works by Johannes Vermeer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Jan Steen, Paulus Potter, Frans Hals, Jacob van Ruisdael, Hans Holbein the Younger, and others. Originally, the 17th-century building was the residence of Count John Maurice of Nassau. The building is now the property of the government of the Netherlands and is listed in the top 100 Dutch heritage sites.","mauritshuis\u002Fbackground\u002Fmauritshuis_background","mauritshuis\u002Flogo\u002Fmauritshuis_logo","+31 70 302 34 56",8,"Daily: 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM\nMonday: open from 01:00 PM","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mauritshuis.nl",[74],{"name":29,"id":30,"slug":31,"dates":27},[76],{"name":77,"id":78,"slug":79},"Oil on canvas","f74fc1b0-2804-4c39-a52c-84cad71698d7","oil-on-canvas",[81],[82,127,175],{"title":83,"id":84,"artists":85,"slug":88,"date":89,"description":90,"height":91,"image":92,"inPrivateCollection":37,"isLocationUnknown":37,"originalTitle":93,"popularity":94,"width":95,"wikipediaId":96,"collections":97,"genres":98,"museum":103,"movements":122,"mediums":125},"The Milkmaid","1772e698-abb7-4cca-95d7-02478da65798",[86],{"name":8,"id":9,"nationality":87,"slug":14,"biography":15,"born":16,"death":17,"image":18,"popularity":19,"sex":20,"wikipediaId":21},{"id":11,"name":12,"slug":13},"the-milkmaid","c. 1657-1658","The Milkmaid (Dutch: De melkmeid or Het melkmeisje), sometimes called The Kitchen Maid (Dutch: De keukenmeid), is an oil-on-canvas painting of a \"milkmaid\", in fact, a domestic kitchen maid, by the Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer. It is in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, which regards it as \"unquestionably one of the museum's finest attractions\".\n\nThe exact year of the painting's completion is unknown, with estimates varying by source. The Rijksmuseum estimates it as circa 1658. According to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, it was painted in about 1657 or 1658. The \"Essential Vermeer\" website gives a broader range of 1658–1661.",45.5,"johannes-vermeer\u002Fthe-milkmaid\u002Fthe-milkmaid","De melkmeid or Het melkmeisje (Dutch)",16,41,"The_Milkmaid_(Vermeer)",[],[99],{"name":100,"id":101,"slug":102},"Figure painting","8b9c0def-0123-4567-89ab-cdef12345678","figure-painting",{"address":104,"latitude":105,"longitude":106,"name":107,"zipCode":108,"id":109,"city":110,"slug":115,"description":116,"background":117,"logo":118,"phone":119,"popularity":39,"schedules":120,"website":121,"wikipediaId":107},"Museumstraat 1",52.3599,4.8852,"Rijksmuseum","1071 XX","1ee8b982-2c6e-414f-8f3d-bdb0d06e8bfb",{"latitude":105,"longitude":106,"name":111,"id":112,"country":113,"slug":114,"image":27},"Amsterdam","d290f1ee-6c54-4b01-90e6-d701748f0851",{"id":61,"name":62,"slug":63},"amsterdam","rijksmuseum","The Rijksmuseum is the national museum of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch arts and history and is located in Amsterdam. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough of Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, and the Royal Concertgebouw.\n\nThe Rijksmuseum was founded in The Hague on 19 November 1798 and moved to Amsterdam in 1808, where it was first located in the Royal Palace and later in the Trippenhuis. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and first opened in 1885. On 13 April 2013, after a ten-year renovation which cost €375 million, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix. In 2013 and 2014, it was the most visited museum in the Netherlands with record numbers of 2.2 million and 2.47 million visitors. It is also the largest art museum in the country.\n\nThe museum has on display 8,000 objects of art and history, from their total collection of 1 million objects from the years 1200–2000, among which are some masterpieces by Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Johannes Vermeer. The museum also has a small Asian collection, which is on display in the Asian pavilion.","rijksmuseum\u002Fbackground\u002Frijksmuseum_background","rijksmuseum\u002Flogo\u002Frijksmuseum_logo","+31 20 674 7000","Daily (including public holidays): 9 AM - 5 PM","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rijksmuseum.nl",[123,124],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":27},{"name":29,"id":30,"slug":31,"dates":27},[126],{"name":77,"id":78,"slug":79},{"title":128,"id":129,"artists":130,"slug":133,"date":134,"description":135,"height":136,"image":137,"inPrivateCollection":37,"isLocationUnknown":37,"originalTitle":138,"popularity":139,"width":140,"wikipediaId":141,"collections":142,"genres":143,"museum":145,"movements":171,"mediums":173},"The Astronomer","3ad5db0b-c924-4180-8527-496f80e37c40",[131],{"name":8,"id":9,"nationality":132,"slug":14,"biography":15,"born":16,"death":17,"image":18,"popularity":19,"sex":20,"wikipediaId":21},{"id":11,"name":12,"slug":13},"the-astronomer","c. 1668","The Astronomer (Dutch: De astronoom) is a painting finished in about 1668 by the Dutch Golden Age painter Johannes Vermeer. It is in oil on canvas with dimensions 51 cm × 45 cm (20 in × 18 in).\n\nPortrayals of scientists were a favourite topic in 17th-century Dutch painting and Vermeer's oeuvre includes both this astronomer and the slightly later The Geographer. Both are believed to portray the same man, possibly Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. A 2017 study indicated that the canvas for the two works came from the same bolt of material, confirming their close relationship. It has been proposed that Vermeer used a camera obscura as an aid to reconstruct the geometry of the rooms and the objects in his paintings. Both paintings portray the same room and furniture, slightly rearranged.\n\nThe painting shows an astronomer looking at a globe. The astronomer's profession is shown by the celestial globe (version by Jodocus Hondius) and the book on the table, the 1621 edition of Adriaan Metius's Institutiones Astronomicae Geographicae. Symbolically, the volume is open to Book III, a section advising the astronomer to seek \"inspiration from God,\" and the painting on the wall shows the Finding of Moses—Moses may represent knowledge and science (\"learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians\"). It is notable that a telescope is absent from the scene; Jacob Metius is credited by his brother, Adriaan Metius, as the inventor of the telescope. Art historian Julian Jason Haladyn has suggested that this conveys interiority.",51,"johannes-vermeer\u002Fthe-astronomer\u002Fthe-astronomer","De astronoom (Dutch)",85,45,"The_Astronomer_(Vermeer)",[],[144],{"name":100,"id":101,"slug":102},{"address":146,"latitude":147,"longitude":148,"name":149,"zipCode":150,"id":151,"city":152,"slug":162,"description":163,"background":164,"logo":165,"phone":166,"popularity":167,"schedules":168,"website":169,"wikipediaId":170},"Rue de Rivoli",48.8606,2.3376,"The Louvre","75001","3e34a0d4-4a99-4a9b-b804-3459b1a9d4f8",{"latitude":153,"longitude":154,"name":155,"id":156,"country":157,"slug":161,"image":27},48.8566,2.3522,"Paris","c9f0f895-fbdd-4ad7-9f28-2af0649b67a6",{"id":158,"name":159,"slug":160},"a9e28580-2462-4a82-8456-a1e0f199e85f","France","france","paris","the-louvre","The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and the most visited museum in the world. It is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district) and home to some of the most canonical works of Western art, including the Mona Lisa, Venus de Milo, and Winged Victory. The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace, originally built in the late 12th to 13th century under Philip II. Remnants of the Medieval Louvre fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. Due to urban expansion, the fortress eventually lost its defensive function, and in 1546 Francis I converted it into the primary residence of the French kings.\n\nThe building was redesigned and extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of ancient Greek and Roman sculpture. In 1692, the building was occupied by the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres and the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, which in 1699 held the first of a series of salons. The Académie remained at the Louvre for 100 years. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly decreed that the Louvre should be used as a museum to display the nation's masterpieces. The palace and exhibition space was expanded in the 19th century and again in the 20th.\n\nThe museum opened on 10 August 1793 with an exhibition of 537 paintings, the majority of the works being royal and confiscated church property. Because of structural problems with the building, the museum was closed from 1796 until 1801. The collection was increased under Napoleon, after the Napoleonic looting of art in Europe, Egypt, and Syria, and the museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners. The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces. Holdings have grown steadily through donations and bequests since the Third Republic. The collection is divided into eight departments: Egyptian Antiquities; Near Eastern Antiquities; Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities; Islamic Art; Sculpture; Decorative Arts; Paintings; Prints and Drawings.\n\nThe Musée du Louvre contains approximately 500,000 objects and displays 35,000 works of art in eight curatorial departments with more than 60,600 m2 (652,000 sq ft) dedicated to the permanent collection. The Louvre exhibits sculptures, objets d'art, paintings, drawings, and archaeological finds. At any given point in time, approximately 38,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are being exhibited over an area of 72,735 m2 (782,910 sq ft), making it the largest museum in the world. It received 8.7 million visitors in 2024, ranking it as the most-visited art museum, and most-visited museum of any category, in the world.","the-louvre\u002Fbackground\u002Fthe-louvre_background","the-louvre\u002Flogo\u002Fthe-louvre_logo","01 40 20 53 17",1,"Daily: 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM\nWednesday and Friday: open until 8:30 PM\nTuesday: closed","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.louvre.fr","Louvre",[172],{"name":29,"id":30,"slug":31,"dates":27},[174],{"name":77,"id":78,"slug":79},{"title":176,"id":177,"artists":178,"slug":181,"date":182,"description":183,"height":184,"image":185,"inPrivateCollection":37,"isLocationUnknown":37,"originalTitle":186,"popularity":187,"width":188,"wikipediaId":189,"collections":190,"genres":191,"museum":193,"movements":218,"mediums":221},"The Art of Painting","d0058fcf-14d2-413b-b210-ec3f6987b59d",[179],{"name":8,"id":9,"nationality":180,"slug":14,"biography":15,"born":16,"death":17,"image":18,"popularity":19,"sex":20,"wikipediaId":21},{"id":11,"name":12,"slug":13},"the-art-of-painting","c. 1666–1668","The Art of Painting, also known as The Allegory of Painting (Dutch: Allegorie op de schilderkunst), or Painter in his Studio, is a 17th-century oil on canvas painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. It is owned by the Austrian Republic and is on display in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.\n\nMany art historians think that it is an allegory of painting, hence the alternative title of the painting. Its composition and iconography make it the most complex Vermeer work of all. After Vermeer's Christ in the House of Martha and Mary and The Procuress it is his largest work.\n\nThis illusionistic painting is one of Vermeer's most famous. In 1868 Thoré-Bürger, known today for his rediscovery of the work of painter Johannes Vermeer, regarded this painting as his most interesting. Svetlana Alpers describes it as unique and ambitious;: 119 Walter Liedtke \"as a virtuoso display of the artist's power of invention and execution, staged in an imaginary version of his studio ...\" According to Albert Blankert \"No other painting so flawlessly integrates naturalistic technique, brightly illuminated space, and a complexly integrated composition.\"",120,"johannes-vermeer\u002Fthe-art-of-painting\u002Fthe-art-of-painting","Allegorie op de schilderkunst (Dutch)",108,100,"The_Art_of_Painting",[],[192],{"name":100,"id":101,"slug":102},{"address":194,"latitude":195,"longitude":196,"name":197,"zipCode":198,"id":199,"city":200,"slug":210,"description":211,"background":212,"logo":213,"phone":214,"popularity":215,"schedules":27,"website":216,"wikipediaId":217},"Maria-Theresia-Platz",48.2045,16.3617,"Kunsthistorisches Museum","1010","00a5c537-08e0-48a4-a184-fd3ec90643de",{"latitude":201,"longitude":202,"name":203,"id":204,"country":205,"slug":209,"image":27},48.21,16.3634,"Vienna","553e73b1-ab2a-47a9-9161-414b1448bd95",{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208},"61d0d633-e12c-4178-88d8-80538b7d7941","Austria","austria","vienna","kunsthistorisches-museum","The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien (lit. \"Vienna Museum of Art History\", often referred to as the \"Museum of Fine Arts, Vienna\") is an art museum in Vienna, Austria. Housed in its festive palatial building on the Vienna Ring Road, it is crowned with an octagonal dome. The term Kunsthistorisches Museum applies to both the institution and the main building. It is the largest art museum in the country.\n\nEmperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary opened the facility around 1891 at the same time as the Natural History Museum, Vienna which has a similar design and is directly across Maria-Theresien-Platz. The two buildings were constructed between 1871 and 1891 according to plans by Gottfried Semper and Baron Karl von Hasenauer. The emperor commissioned the two Ringstraße museums to create a suitable home for the Habsburgs' formidable art collection and to make it accessible to the general public. The buildings are rectangular, with symmetrical Renaissance Revival façades of sandstone lined with large arched windows on the main levels and topped with octagonal domes 60 metres (200 ft) high. The interiors of the museums are lavishly decorated with marble, stucco ornamentation, gold-leaf, and murals. The grand stairway features paintings by Gustav Klimt, Ernst Klimt, Franz Matsch, Hans Makart and Mihály Munkácsy.","kunsthistorisches-museum\u002Fbackground\u002Fkunsthistorisches-museum_background","kunsthistorisches-museum\u002Flogo\u002Fkunsthistorisches-museum_logo","+43 1 52524-0",31,"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.khm.at\u002Fen\u002F","Kunsthistorisches_Museum",[219,220],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":27},{"name":29,"id":30,"slug":31,"dates":27},[222],{"name":77,"id":78,"slug":79}]