[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"museum-national-gallery":3,"museum-paintings-all-national-gallery":37},{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":10,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29,"popularPaintingImages":30},"Trafalgar Square",51.5089,-0.1283,"National Gallery","WC2N 5DN","afe25254-17b0-42d7-a6c9-0cbbdb7d244a",{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":15,"slug":19,"image":20},51.5074,-0.1278,"London","c51ce410-c124-4b5c-8a49-e62a40f27f65",{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},"2a0588c6-6b3b-49ed-9ced-8fc2a59be12a","England","england","london","","national-gallery","The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current director of the National Gallery is Gabriele Finaldi.\n\nThe National Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge.\n\nUnlike comparable museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that initial purchase, the gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, especially Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which now account for two-thirds of the collection. The collection is smaller than many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting \"from Giotto to Cézanne\" are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case.\n\nThe present building, the third site to house the National Gallery, was designed by William Wilkins. Building began in 1832 and it opened to the public in 1838. Only the façade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its history. Wilkins's building was often criticised for the perceived weaknesses of its design and for its lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British art in 1897. The Sainsbury Wing, a 1991 extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, is a significant example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain.","national-gallery\u002Fbackground\u002Fnational-gallery_background","national-gallery\u002Flogo\u002Fnational-gallery_logo","+44 20 7747 2885",3,"Daily: 10:00 AM - 06:00 PM\nFriday: open until 09:00 PM\n1 January - 24, 25 and 26 December: closed","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk","National_Gallery",[31,32,33,34,35,36],"vincent-van-gogh\u002Fsunflowers\u002Fsunflowers","hans-holbein-the-younger\u002Fthe-ambassadors\u002Fthe-ambassadors","joseph-mallord-william-turner\u002Fthe-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up\u002Fthe-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up","titian\u002Fbacchus-and-ariadne\u002Fbacchus-and-ariadne","claude-monet\u002Fthe-water-lily-pond-japanese-bridge\u002Fthe-water-lily-pond-japanese-bridge","jan-van-eyck\u002Fportrait-of-a-man-in-a-red-turban\u002Fportrait-of-a-man-in-a-red-turban",{"items":38,"total":64,"page":305,"pageSize":306,"totalPages":307},[39,86,134,178,228,269],{"title":40,"id":41,"artists":42,"slug":58,"date":59,"description":60,"height":61,"image":31,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":63,"popularity":64,"width":65,"wikipediaId":66,"collections":67,"genres":68,"museum":73,"movements":76,"mediums":81},"Sunflowers","e6853e01-8251-4a18-85f4-4d50b714aa2b",[43],{"name":44,"id":45,"nationality":46,"slug":50,"biography":51,"born":52,"death":53,"image":54,"popularity":55,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":57},"Vincent van Gogh","e071d28a-4541-478c-8ac4-227b9e936471",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49},"a9c6c9dc-fe5f-46ac-ad89-5121979f7bb7","Dutch","dutch","vincent-van-gogh","Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade, he created approximately 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of them in the last two years of his life. His oeuvre includes landscapes, still lifes, portraits, and self-portraits, most of which are characterised by bold colours and dramatic brushwork that contributed to the rise of expressionism in modern art. Van Gogh's work was only beginning to gain critical attention before his death from suicide at age 37. During his lifetime, only one of Van Gogh's paintings, The Red Vineyard, was sold.\n\nBorn into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious, quiet and thoughtful, but showed signs of mental instability. As a young man, he worked as an art dealer, often travelling, but became depressed after he was transferred to London. He turned to religion and spent time as a missionary in southern Belgium. Later he drifted into ill-health and solitude. He was keenly aware of modernist trends in art and, while back with his parents, took up painting in 1881. His younger brother, Theo, supported him financially, and the two of them maintained a long correspondence.\n\nVan Gogh's early works consist of mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers. In 1886, he moved to Paris, where he met members of the artistic avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were seeking new paths beyond Impressionism. Frustrated in Paris and inspired by a growing spirit of artistic change and collaboration, in February 1888 Van Gogh moved to Arles in southern France to establish an artistic retreat and commune. Once there, his paintings grew brighter and he turned his attention to the natural world, depicting local olive groves, wheat fields and sunflowers. Van Gogh invited Gauguin to join him in Arles and eagerly anticipated Gauguin's arrival in late 1888.\n\nVan Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions. He worried about his mental stability, and often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor when, in a rage, he mutilated his left ear. Van Gogh spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression persisted, and on 29 July 1890 Van Gogh died from his injuries after shooting himself in the chest with a revolver.\n\nVan Gogh's work began to attract critical artistic attention in the last year of his life. After his death, his art and life story captured public imagination as an emblem of misunderstood genius, due in large part to the efforts of his widowed sister-in-law Johanna van Gogh-Bonger. His bold use of colour, expressive line and thick application of paint inspired avant-garde artistic groups like the Fauves and German Expressionists in the early 20th century. Van Gogh's work gained widespread critical and commercial success in the following decades, and he has become a lasting icon of the romantic ideal of the tortured artist. Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings ever sold. His legacy is celebrated by the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings.","1853-03-30","1890-07-29","vincent-van-gogh\u002Fvincent-van-gogh",2,"MALE","Vincent_van_Gogh","sunflowers","1888","Sunflowers (original title, in French: Tournesols) is the title of two series of still life paintings by the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh. The first series, executed in Paris in 1887, depicts the flowers lying on the ground, while the second set, made a year later in Arles, shows a bouquet of sunflowers in a vase. In the artist's mind, both sets were linked by the name of his friend Paul Gauguin, who acquired two of the Paris versions. About eight months later, van Gogh hoped to welcome and impress Gauguin again with Sunflowers, now part of the painted Décoration for the Yellow House that he prepared for the guestroom of his home in Arles, where Gauguin was supposed to stay.",92.1,false,"Tournesols (French)",6,73,"Sunflowers_(Van_Gogh_series)",[],[69],{"name":70,"id":71,"slug":72},"Still life","1e2d4d2d-f114-42a3-942f-d7e3945e5e05","still-life",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":74,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":75,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[77],{"name":78,"id":79,"slug":80,"dates":20},"Post-Impressionism","86aae3e1-efba-4a62-93ab-dd9de5288827","post-impressionism",[82],{"name":83,"id":84,"slug":85},"Oil on canvas","f74fc1b0-2804-4c39-a52c-84cad71698d7","oil-on-canvas",{"title":87,"id":88,"artists":89,"slug":104,"date":105,"description":106,"height":107,"image":32,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":20,"popularity":108,"width":109,"wikipediaId":110,"collections":111,"genres":112,"museum":117,"movements":120,"mediums":129},"The Ambassadors","06f0e3e5-ec22-459f-b7a6-4068df865a03",[90],{"name":91,"id":92,"nationality":93,"slug":97,"biography":98,"born":99,"death":100,"image":101,"popularity":102,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":103},"Hans Holbein the Younger","48c8d1f6-f4da-481f-8301-751cb9a055c3",{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96},"c846eab0-19fa-476b-b17b-0a423c3d8f1f","German","german","hans-holbein-the-younger","Hans Holbein the Younger (UK: \u002Fˈhɒlbaɪn\u002F HOL-byne, US: \u002Fˈhoʊlbaɪn, ˈhɔːl-\u002F HOHL-byne, HAWL-; German: Hans Holbein der Jüngere; c. 1497 – between 7 October and 29 November 1543) was a German-Swiss painter and printmaker who worked in a Northern Renaissance style, and is considered one of the greatest portraitists of the 16th century. He also produced religious art, satire, and Reformation propaganda, and he made a significant contribution to the history of book design. He is called \"the Younger\" to distinguish him from his father Hans Holbein the Elder, an accomplished painter of the Late Gothic school.\n\nHolbein was born in Augsburg but worked mainly in Basel as a young artist. At first, he painted murals and religious works, and designed stained glass windows and illustrations for books from the printer Johann Froben. He also painted an occasional portrait, making his international mark with portraits of humanist Desiderius Erasmus. When the Reformation reached Basel, Holbein worked for reformist clients while continuing to serve traditional religious patrons. His Late Gothic style was enriched by artistic trends in Italy, France, and the Netherlands, as well as by Renaissance humanism. The result was a combined aesthetic uniquely his own.\n\nHolbein travelled to England in 1526 in search of work with a recommendation from Erasmus. He was welcomed into the humanist circle of Thomas More, where he quickly built a high reputation. He returned to Basel for four years, then resumed his career in England in 1532 under the patronage of Anne Boleyn and Thomas Cromwell. By 1535, he was King's Painter to Henry VIII. In this role, he produced portraits and festive decorations, as well as designs for jewellery, plate, and other precious objects. His portraits of the royal family and nobles are a record of the court in the years when Henry was asserting his supremacy over the Church of England.\n\nHolbein's art was prized from early in his career. French poet and reformer Nicholas Bourbon (the elder) dubbed him \"the Apelles of our time\", a typical accolade at the time. Holbein has also been described as a great \"one-off\" in art history since he founded no school. Some of his work was lost after his death, but much was collected and he was recognized among the great portrait masters by the 19th century. Recent exhibitions have also highlighted his versatility. He created designs ranging from intricate jewellery to monumental frescoes.\n\nHolbein's art has sometimes been called realist, since he drew and painted with a rare precision. His portraits were renowned in their time for their likeness, and it is through his eyes that many famous figures of his day are pictured today, such as Erasmus and More. He was never content with outward appearance, however; he embedded layers of symbolism, allusion, and paradox in his art, to the lasting fascination of scholars. In the view of art historian Ellis Waterhouse, his portraiture \"remains unsurpassed for sureness and economy of statement, penetration into character, and a combined richness and purity of style.\"","c. 1497","c. 1543-10","hans-holbein-the-younger\u002Fhans-holbein-the-younger",27,"Hans_Holbein_the_Younger","the-ambassadors","1533","The Ambassadors is a 1533 painting by Hans Holbein the Younger. Also known as Jean de Dinteville and Georges de Selve, after the two people it portrays, it was created in the Tudor period, in the same year Elizabeth I was born. Franny Moyle speculates that Elizabeth's mother, Anne Boleyn, then Queen of England, might have commissioned it as a gift for Jean de Dinteville, the French ambassador, portrayed on the left. De Selve was a Catholic Bishop.\n\nAs well as being a double portrait, the painting contains a still life of meticulously rendered objects, the meaning of which is the cause of much debate. An array of expensive scientific objects, related to knowing the time and the cosmos are prominently displayed. Several refer to Rome, the seat of the Pope. A second shelf of objects shows a lute with a broken string, a symbol of discord, next to a hymnal composed by Martin Luther.\n\nIt incorporates one of the best-known examples of anamorphosis in painting. While most scholars have taken the view that the painting should be viewed side on to see the skull, others believe a glass tube was used to see the skull head on. Either way, death is both prominent and obscured until discovered. Less easily spotted is a carving of Jesus on a crucifix, half hidden behind a curtain at the top left.\n\nThe Ambassadors has been part of London's National Gallery collection since its purchase in 1890. It was extensively restored in 1997, leading to criticism, in particular that the skull's dimensions had been changed.",207,34,209.5,"The_Ambassadors_(Holbein)",[],[113],{"name":114,"id":115,"slug":116},"Figure painting","8b9c0def-0123-4567-89ab-cdef12345678","figure-painting",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":118,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":119,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[121,125],{"name":122,"id":123,"slug":124,"dates":20},"Renaissance","24126a7a-8a45-44f0-9585-e8378dd206e2","renaissance",{"name":126,"id":127,"slug":128,"dates":20},"Northern Renaissance","4c419af9-b643-419d-ae72-d8d323eade1d","northern-renaissance",[130],{"name":131,"id":132,"slug":133},"Oil on oak panel","289086f7-4cd3-40d8-b134-6cd57cd30896","oil-on-oak-panel",{"title":135,"id":136,"artists":137,"slug":152,"date":153,"description":154,"height":155,"image":33,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":20,"popularity":65,"width":156,"wikipediaId":157,"collections":158,"genres":159,"museum":168,"movements":171,"mediums":176},"The Fighting Temeraire, tugged to her last Berth to be broken up","460e58ce-5e0b-41cd-9fe2-b710209a450b",[138],{"name":139,"id":140,"nationality":141,"slug":145,"biography":146,"born":147,"death":148,"image":149,"popularity":150,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":151},"Joseph Mallord William Turner","5f99c424-51c8-4a27-8c61-149f61c43389",{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144},"4f95e1f9-7996-4fe5-8182-7f7973ab50c9","English","english","joseph-mallord-william-turner","Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. His artistic style developed over his lifetime, moving away from Romanticism—bypassing the following rising style of Realism—and, instead, with his later works being a significant precursor of and presaging the later Impressionist and Abstract Art movements that arose in the decades after his death. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. In 1969 art historian Kenneth Clark wrote of Turner: \"He was a genius of the first order—far the greatest painter that England has ever produced...\"\n\nTurner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower-middle-class family and retained his lower-class accent, while assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14, and exhibited his first work there at 15. During this period, he also served as an architectural draftsman. He earned a steady income from commissions and sales, which he often only begrudgingly accepted owing to his troubled and contrary nature. He opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807, where he lectured until 1828. He travelled around Europe from 1802, typically returning with voluminous sketchbooks.\n\nIntensely private, eccentric, and reclusive, Turner was a controversial figure throughout his career. He did not marry, but fathered two daughters, Evelina (1801–1874) and Georgiana (1811–1843), by the widow Sarah Danby. He became more pessimistic and morose as he got older, especially after the death of his father in 1829; when his outlook deteriorated, his gallery fell into disrepair and neglect, and his art intensified. In 1841, Turner rowed a boat into the Thames so he could not be counted as present at any property in that year's census. He lived in squalor and poor health from 1845, and died in London in 1851 aged 76. Turner is buried in St Paul's Cathedral, London.","1775-04-23","1851-12-19","joseph-mallord-william-turner\u002Fjoseph-mallord-william-turner",41,"J._M._W._Turner","the-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up","1839","The Fighting Temeraire, tugged to her last berth to be broken up, 1838 is an oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist Joseph Mallord William Turner, painted in 1838 and exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1839.\n\nThe painting depicts the 98-gun HMS Temeraire, one of the last second-rate ships of the line to have played a role in the Battle of Trafalgar, being towed up the Thames by a paddle-wheel steam tug in 1838, towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap.\n\nThe painting hangs in the National Gallery, London, having been bequeathed to the nation by the artist in 1851, as part of the Turner Bequest. In a poll organised by BBC Radio 4's Today programme in 2005, it was voted the nation's favourite painting. In 2020 it was included on the new £20 banknote, along with the artist's 1799 self-portrait.",90.7,121.6,"The_Fighting_Temeraire",[],[160,164],{"name":161,"id":162,"slug":163},"Historical","7c4fd70a-c639-46a9-9138-c1a21665ca09","historical",{"name":165,"id":166,"slug":167},"Marine Art","96cffaed-6717-4770-a49e-0dcad15f9ed1","marine-art",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":169,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":170,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[172],{"name":173,"id":174,"slug":175,"dates":20},"Romanticism","6d170858-dbc2-4658-9820-50889eb73ae6","romanticism",[177],{"name":83,"id":84,"slug":85},{"title":179,"id":180,"artists":181,"slug":195,"date":196,"description":197,"height":198,"image":34,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":199,"popularity":200,"width":201,"wikipediaId":202,"collections":203,"genres":204,"museum":209,"movements":212,"mediums":226},"Bacchus and Ariadne","322ab0b4-6675-404a-b641-11f19a61fc84",[182],{"name":183,"id":184,"nationality":185,"slug":189,"biography":190,"born":191,"death":192,"image":193,"popularity":194,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":183},"Titian","7f73de78-2c2a-4044-b3b1-7ec421e220d3",{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188},"b6bd06f3-e4d0-44e5-b3d4-dfdf235eec5d","Italian","italian","titian","Tiziano Vecellio (Italian: ; c. 1488\u002F1490 – 27 August 1576), Latinized as Titianus, hence known in English as Titian (\u002Fˈtɪʃən\u002F ⓘ TISH-ən), was an Italian Renaissance painter. The most important artist of Renaissance Venetian painting, he was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno.\n\nTitian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the application and use of colour, exerted a profound influence not only on painters of the late Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western artists.\n\nHis career was successful from the start, and he became sought after by patrons, initially from Venice and its possessions, then joined by the north Italian princes, and finally the Habsburgs and the papacy. Along with Giorgione, he is considered a founder of the Venetian school of Italian Renaissance painting. In 1590, the painter and art theorist Giovanni Paolo Lomazzo described Titian as \"the sun amidst small stars not only among the Italians but all the painters of the world\".\n\nDuring his long life, Titian's artistic manner changed drastically, but he retained a lifelong interest in colour. Although his mature works may not contain the vivid, luminous tints of his early pieces, they are remarkable and original in their loose brushwork and subtlety of tone.","c. 1488 - 1490","1576-08-25","titian\u002Ftitian",22,"bacchus-and-ariadne","1520–1523","Bacchus and Ariadne (1520–1523) is an oil painting by Titian. It is one of a cycle of paintings on mythological subjects produced for Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, for the Camerino d'Alabastro – a private room in his palazzo in Ferrara decorated with paintings based on classical texts. An advance payment was given to Raphael, who originally held the commission for the subject of a Triumph of Bacchus.\n\nAt the time of Raphael's death in 1520, only a preliminary drawing was completed. The commission was then handed to Titian. In the case of Bacchus and Ariadne, the subject matter was derived from the Roman poets Catullus and Ovid, and perhaps other classical authors.\n\nThe painting, considered one of Titian's greatest works, is now in the National Gallery, London. The other major paintings in the cycle are The Feast of the Gods, mostly by Giovanni Bellini, now in the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C, and Titian's The Bacchanal of the Andrians and The Worship of Venus, both now in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. The series was a very early treatment of subjects from classical mythology on a heroic scale in painting, rather than in small decorative pieces, and very influential on later works.",176.5,"Bacco e Arianna (Italian)",77,191,"Bacchus_and_Ariadne",[],[205],{"name":206,"id":207,"slug":208},"Mythology","3a4e83ec-0f3f-4f44-9f84-94e21ad1abb0","mythology",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":210,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":211,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[213,214,218,222],{"name":122,"id":123,"slug":124,"dates":20},{"name":215,"id":216,"slug":217,"dates":20},"High Renaissance","675dcdea-1b39-405b-b0b0-f29a287e4a90","high-renaissance",{"name":219,"id":220,"slug":221,"dates":20},"Italian Renaissance","8f9f464c-8fd7-47d8-8125-94e431bcf539","italian-renaissance",{"name":223,"id":224,"slug":225,"dates":20},"Venetian painting","918d4da9-8a97-49c6-924e-08a314410abb","venetian-painting",[227],{"name":83,"id":84,"slug":85},{"title":229,"id":230,"artists":231,"slug":246,"date":247,"description":248,"height":249,"image":35,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":250,"popularity":251,"width":252,"wikipediaId":20,"collections":253,"genres":254,"museum":259,"movements":262,"mediums":267},"The Water-Lily Pond (Japanese Bridge)","e6374b76-b364-43a7-863f-c11f758d3c79",[232],{"name":233,"id":234,"nationality":235,"slug":239,"biography":240,"born":241,"death":242,"image":243,"popularity":244,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":245},"Claude Monet","2d8e979e-49b2-479e-a062-be1d6455ac1e",{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238},"ed07084f-12cd-4fcc-b61e-8f2ba92e0866","French","french","claude-monet","Oscar-Claude Monet (UK: \u002Fˈmɒneɪ\u002F, US: \u002Fmoʊˈneɪ, məˈ-\u002F; French: ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of Impressionism who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. During his long career, he was the most consistent and prolific practitioner of Impressionism's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions of nature, especially as applied to plein air (outdoor) landscape painting. The term \"Impressionism\" is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant), which was exhibited in 1874 at the First Impressionist Exhibition, initiated by Monet and a number of like-minded artists as an alternative to the Salon.\n\nMonet was raised in Le Havre, Normandy, and became interested in the outdoors and drawing from an early age. Although his mother, Louise-Justine Aubrée Monet, supported his ambitions to be a painter, his father, Claude-Adolphe, disapproved and wanted him to pursue a career in business. He was very close to his mother, but she died in January 1857 when he was sixteen years old, and he was sent to live with his childless, widowed but wealthy aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre. He went on to study at the Académie Suisse, and under the academic history painter Charles Gleyre, where he was a classmate of Auguste Renoir. His early works include landscapes, seascapes, and portraits, but attracted little attention. A key early influence was Eugène Boudin, who introduced him to the concept of plein air painting. From 1883, Monet lived in Giverny, also in northern France, where he purchased a house and property and began a vast landscaping project, including a water-lily pond.\n\nMonet's ambition to document the French countryside led to a method of painting the same scene many times so as to capture the changing of light and the passing of the seasons. Among the best-known examples are his series of haystacks (1890–1891), paintings of Rouen Cathedral (1892–1894), and the paintings of water lilies in his garden in Giverny, which occupied him for the last 20 years of his life. Frequently exhibited and successful during his lifetime, Monet's fame and popularity soared in the second half of the 20th century when he became one of the world's most famous painters and a source of inspiration for a burgeoning group of artists.","1840-11-14","1926-12-05","claude-monet\u002Fclaude-monet",7,"Claude_Monet","the-water-lily-pond-japanese-bridge","1899","In 1893 Monet bought a plot of land next to his house in Giverny. He had already planted a colourful flower garden, but now he wanted to create a water garden ‘both for the pleasure of the eye and for the purpose of having subjects to paint'. He enlarged the existing pond, filling it with exotic new hybrid water lilies, and built a humpback bridge at one end, inspired by examples seen in Japanese prints. The water garden became the main obsession of Monet’s later career, and the subject of some 250 paintings.\n\nHere, the bridge spans the width of the canvas but is cut off at the edges so that it seems to float unanchored above the water, its shape reflected in a dark arc at the bottom of the picture. The perspective seems to shift; it is as though we are looking up at the bridge but down on the water lilies which float towards the distance. The vertical reflections of the trees provide a counterpoint to the horizontal clumps of the lily pads.",88.3,"Le Bassin aux nymphéas (French)",86,93.1,[],[255],{"name":256,"id":257,"slug":258},"Landscape","3c4d5e6f-789a-4bcd-9ef0-1234567890ab","landscape",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":260,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":261,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[263],{"name":264,"id":265,"slug":266,"dates":20},"Impressionism","94b7a896-6544-4556-974c-467b626afb4e","impressionism",[268],{"name":83,"id":84,"slug":85},{"title":270,"id":271,"artists":272,"slug":284,"date":285,"description":286,"height":287,"image":36,"inPrivateCollection":62,"isLocationUnknown":62,"originalTitle":288,"popularity":289,"width":290,"wikipediaId":291,"collections":292,"genres":293,"museum":298,"movements":301,"mediums":303},"Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban","df89e1a4-e1a5-4b9f-aa31-dcaf9a9fc540",[273],{"name":274,"id":275,"nationality":276,"slug":277,"biography":278,"born":279,"death":280,"image":281,"popularity":282,"sex":56,"wikipediaId":283},"Jan van Eyck","dcaa8a57-e61f-4eb6-b2a9-43110e6f1ca1",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49},"jan-van-eyck","Jan van Eyck (\u002Fvæn ˈaɪk\u002F van EYEK; Dutch: ; c. before 1390 – 9 July 1441) was a Flemish painter active in Bruges who was one of the early innovators of what became known as Early Netherlandish painting, and one of the supreme figures of the Early Northern Renaissance. Such was his legacy, that he has been called “the inventor of oil-painting” by Vasari, Ernst Gombrich, and others, although this claim is now considered an oversimplification.\n\nSurviving records date his birth at around 1380 or 1390, in Maaseik (then Maaseyck, hence his name), Limburg, which is located in present-day Belgium. He took employment in The Hague around 1422, when he was already a master painter with workshop assistants, and was employed as painter and valet de chambre to John III the Pitiless, ruler of the counties of Holland and Hainaut. Some time after John's death in 1425, he was appointed as court painter to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and worked in Lille before moving to Bruges in 1429, where he lived until his death. He was highly regarded by Philip, and was dispatched on several diplomatic visits abroad, including one to Lisbon in 1428 to discuss the possibility of a marriage contract between the duke and Isabella of Portugal.\n\nAbout 20 surviving paintings are confidently attributed to him, as well as the Ghent Altarpiece and the illuminated miniatures of the Turin-Milan Hours, all dated between 1432 and 1439. Ten are dated and signed with a variation of his motto ALS ICH KAN (As I (Eyck) can), a pun on his name, which he typically painted in Greek characters.\n\nVan Eyck painted both secular and religious subjects. His works include altarpieces, painted panels—diptychs (dismantled), triptychs, and polyptychs—and commissioned portraits. He was well paid by Philip, who wanted the painter to have the financial security and artistic freedom to paint \"whenever he pleased.\" Van Eyck's early work shows influence from the International Gothic style, which he soon eclipsed, in part through a greater emphasis on naturalism and realism. He achieved a new level of virtuosity through his developments in the use of oil paint. His style and techniques profoundly altered the development of the Early Netherlandish school.","c. 1390","1441-07-09","jan-van-eyck\u002Fjan-van-eyck",25,"Jan_van_Eyck","portrait-of-a-man-in-a-red-turban","1433","Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?) (earlier Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban) is the title given to a small oil painting by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck, completed in 1433 in Bruges. The inscription at the top of the frame, which is original, contains his motto Als Ich Can (intended as the pun \"as I\u002FEyck can\", perhaps implying \"as only I, van Eyck, can\") was a common autograph for van Eyck. However this is his first known usage of the term, and it is unusually large and prominent. This and the sitter's unusually direct and confrontational gaze have been taken as an indication that the work is a self-portrait.\n\nThe panel is possibly the pendant to van Eyck's portrait of his wife in Bruges, although her portrait is dated 1439 and is larger. It has been proposed that he created his self-portrait to keep at his workshop so that he could use it to display his abilities (and social status, given the fine clothes evident in the portrait) to potential clients. However, in 1433, his reputation was such that he was already highly sought after for commissioned work and hardly needed to advertise.\n\nThe panel has been in the National Gallery, London, since 1851, where it hangs alongside his Arnolfini Portrait (1434) and Léal Souvenir (1432). The panel has been in England since its acquisition by Thomas Howard, 14th Earl of Arundel, probably during his exile in Antwerp from 1642 to 1644.",25.5,"Portret van een man met rode tulband (Dutch)",110,19,"Portrait_of_a_Man_(Self_Portrait%3F)",[],[294],{"name":295,"id":296,"slug":297},"Autoportrait","14bd6c5d-53fe-4b09-bb21-ff9fbbfa14e8","autoportrait",{"address":4,"latitude":5,"longitude":6,"name":7,"zipCode":8,"id":9,"city":299,"slug":21,"description":22,"background":23,"logo":24,"phone":25,"popularity":26,"schedules":27,"website":28,"wikipediaId":29},{"latitude":11,"longitude":12,"name":13,"id":14,"country":300,"slug":19,"image":20},{"id":16,"name":17,"slug":18},[302],{"name":126,"id":127,"slug":128,"dates":20},[304],{"name":131,"id":132,"slug":133},0,30,1]