[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artist-joseph-mallord-william-turner":3,"artist-museums-joseph-mallord-william-turner":26,"artist-paintings-joseph-mallord-william-turner":57},{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":6,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":17,"movements":18,"popularPaintingImages":24},"Joseph Mallord William Turner","5f99c424-51c8-4a27-8c61-149f61c43389",{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"4f95e1f9-7996-4fe5-8182-7f7973ab50c9","English","english","joseph-mallord-william-turner","Joseph Mallord William Turner RA (23 April 1775 – 19 December 1851), known in his time as William Turner, was an English Romantic painter, printmaker and watercolourist. He is known for his expressive colouring, imaginative landscapes and turbulent, often violent marine paintings. His artistic style developed over his lifetime, moving away from Romanticism—bypassing the following rising style of Realism—and, instead, with his later works being a significant precursor of and presaging the later Impressionist and Abstract Art movements that arose in the decades after his death. He left behind more than 550 oil paintings, 2,000 watercolours, and 30,000 works on paper. He was championed by the leading English art critic John Ruskin from 1840, and is today regarded as having elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivalling history painting. In 1969 art historian Kenneth Clark wrote of Turner: \"He was a genius of the first order—far the greatest painter that England has ever produced...\"\n\nTurner was born in Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, London, to a modest lower-middle-class family and retained his lower-class accent, while assiduously avoiding the trappings of success and fame. A child prodigy, Turner studied at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1789, enrolling when he was 14, and exhibited his first work there at 15. During this period, he also served as an architectural draftsman. He earned a steady income from commissions and sales, which he often only begrudgingly accepted owing to his troubled and contrary nature. He opened his own gallery in 1804 and became professor of perspective at the academy in 1807, where he lectured until 1828. He travelled around Europe from 1802, typically returning with voluminous sketchbooks.\n\nIntensely private, eccentric, and reclusive, Turner was a controversial figure throughout his career. He did not marry, but fathered two daughters, Evelina (1801–1874) and Georgiana (1811–1843), by the widow Sarah Danby. He became more pessimistic and morose as he got older, especially after the death of his father in 1829; when his outlook deteriorated, his gallery fell into disrepair and neglect, and his art intensified. In 1841, Turner rowed a boat into the Thames so he could not be counted as present at any property in that year's census. He lived in squalor and poor health from 1845, and died in London in 1851 aged 76. Turner is buried in St Paul's Cathedral, London.","1775-04-23","1851-12-19","joseph-mallord-william-turner\u002Fjoseph-mallord-william-turner",41,"MALE","J._M._W._Turner",[19],{"name":20,"id":21,"slug":22,"dates":23},"Romanticism","6d170858-dbc2-4658-9820-50889eb73ae6","romanticism","",[25],"joseph-mallord-william-turner\u002Fthe-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up\u002Fthe-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up",{"items":27,"total":54,"page":55,"pageSize":56,"totalPages":54},[28],{"address":29,"latitude":30,"longitude":31,"name":32,"zipCode":33,"id":34,"city":35,"slug":45,"description":46,"background":47,"logo":48,"phone":49,"popularity":50,"schedules":51,"website":52,"wikipediaId":53},"Trafalgar Square",51.5089,-0.1283,"National Gallery","WC2N 5DN","afe25254-17b0-42d7-a6c9-0cbbdb7d244a",{"latitude":36,"longitude":37,"name":38,"id":39,"country":40,"slug":44,"image":23},51.5074,-0.1278,"London","c51ce410-c124-4b5c-8a49-e62a40f27f65",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43},"2a0588c6-6b3b-49ed-9ced-8fc2a59be12a","England","england","london","national-gallery","The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current director of the National Gallery is Gabriele Finaldi.\n\nThe National Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge.\n\nUnlike comparable museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that initial purchase, the gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, especially Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which now account for two-thirds of the collection. The collection is smaller than many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting \"from Giotto to Cézanne\" are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case.\n\nThe present building, the third site to house the National Gallery, was designed by William Wilkins. Building began in 1832 and it opened to the public in 1838. Only the façade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its history. Wilkins's building was often criticised for the perceived weaknesses of its design and for its lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British art in 1897. The Sainsbury Wing, a 1991 extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, is a significant example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain.","national-gallery\u002Fbackground\u002Fnational-gallery_background","national-gallery\u002Flogo\u002Fnational-gallery_logo","+44 20 7747 2885",3,"Daily: 10:00 AM - 06:00 PM\nFriday: open until 09:00 PM\n1 January - 24, 25 and 26 December: closed","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk","National_Gallery",1,0,30,{"items":58,"total":54,"page":55,"pageSize":56,"totalPages":54},[59],{"title":60,"id":61,"artists":62,"slug":65,"date":66,"description":67,"height":68,"image":25,"inPrivateCollection":69,"isLocationUnknown":69,"originalTitle":23,"popularity":70,"width":71,"wikipediaId":72,"collections":73,"genres":74,"museum":83,"movements":86,"mediums":88},"The Fighting Temeraire, tugged to her last Berth to be broken up","460e58ce-5e0b-41cd-9fe2-b710209a450b",[63],{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":64,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":17},{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"the-fighting-temeraire-tugged-to-her-last-berth-to-be-broken-up","1839","The Fighting Temeraire, tugged to her last berth to be broken up, 1838 is an oil-on-canvas painting by the English artist Joseph Mallord William Turner, painted in 1838 and exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1839.\n\nThe painting depicts the 98-gun HMS Temeraire, one of the last second-rate ships of the line to have played a role in the Battle of Trafalgar, being towed up the Thames by a paddle-wheel steam tug in 1838, towards its final berth in Rotherhithe to be broken up for scrap.\n\nThe painting hangs in the National Gallery, London, having been bequeathed to the nation by the artist in 1851, as part of the Turner Bequest. In a poll organised by BBC Radio 4's Today programme in 2005, it was voted the nation's favourite painting. In 2020 it was included on the new £20 banknote, along with the artist's 1799 self-portrait.",90.7,false,73,121.6,"The_Fighting_Temeraire",[],[75,79],{"name":76,"id":77,"slug":78},"Historical","7c4fd70a-c639-46a9-9138-c1a21665ca09","historical",{"name":80,"id":81,"slug":82},"Marine Art","96cffaed-6717-4770-a49e-0dcad15f9ed1","marine-art",{"address":29,"latitude":30,"longitude":31,"name":32,"zipCode":33,"id":34,"city":84,"slug":45,"description":46,"background":47,"logo":48,"phone":49,"popularity":50,"schedules":51,"website":52,"wikipediaId":53},{"latitude":36,"longitude":37,"name":38,"id":39,"country":85,"slug":44,"image":23},{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43},[87],{"name":20,"id":21,"slug":22,"dates":23},[89],{"name":90,"id":91,"slug":92},"Oil on canvas","f74fc1b0-2804-4c39-a52c-84cad71698d7","oil-on-canvas"]