[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"artist-caravaggio":3,"artist-museums-caravaggio":31,"artist-paintings-caravaggio":83},{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":6,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":4,"movements":17,"popularPaintingImages":27},"Caravaggio","6bd08ac0-98da-470e-9119-a0b28a238633",{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"b6bd06f3-e4d0-44e5-b3d4-dfdf235eec5d","Italian","italian","caravaggio","Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (also Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi da Caravaggio; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), known mononymously as Caravaggio, was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of his life, he moved between Naples, Malta, and Sicily. His paintings have been characterized by art critics as combining a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on Baroque painting.\n\nCaravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of chiaroscuro that came to be known as tenebrism. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light and darkening shadows. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture, and death. He worked rapidly with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His inspiring effect on the new Baroque style that emerged from Mannerism was profound. His influence can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of Peter Paul Rubens, Jusepe de Ribera, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Velázquez and Rembrandt. Artists heavily under his influence were called the \"Caravaggisti\" (or \"Caravagesques\"), as well as tenebrists or tenebrosi (\"shadowists\").\n\nCaravaggio trained as a painter in Milan before moving to Rome when he was in his twenties. He developed a considerable name as an artist and as a violent, touchy and provocative man. He killed Ranuccio Tommasoni in a brawl, which led to a death sentence for murder and forced him to flee to Naples. There he again established himself as one of the most prominent Italian painters of his generation. He travelled to Malta and on to Sicily in 1607 and pursued a papal pardon for his sentence. In 1609, he returned to Naples, where he was involved in a violent clash; his face was disfigured, and rumours of his death circulated. Questions about his mental state arose from his erratic and bizarre behavior. He died in 1610 under uncertain circumstances while on his way from Naples to Rome. Reports stated that he died of a fever, but suggestions have been made that he was murdered or that he died of lead poisoning.\n\nCaravaggio's innovations inspired Baroque painting, but the latter incorporated the drama of his chiaroscuro without the psychological realism. The style evolved and fashions changed, and Caravaggio fell out of favour. In the 20th century, interest in his work revived, and his importance to the development of Western art was reevaluated. The 20th-century art historian André Berne-Joffroy stated: \"What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting.\"","1571-09-29","1610-07-18","caravaggio\u002Fcaravaggio",20,"MALE",[18,23],{"name":19,"id":20,"slug":21,"dates":22},"Renaissance","24126a7a-8a45-44f0-9585-e8378dd206e2","renaissance","",{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":22},"Baroque","645c114f-78c5-4b27-98f2-fc83d056fc37","baroque",[28,29,30],"caravaggio\u002Fmedusa\u002Fmedusa","caravaggio\u002Fbacchus\u002Fbacchus","caravaggio\u002Fjudith-beheading-holofernes\u002Fjudith-beheading-holofernes",{"items":32,"total":79,"page":80,"pageSize":81,"totalPages":82},[33,57],{"address":34,"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":37,"zipCode":38,"id":39,"city":40,"slug":48,"description":49,"background":50,"logo":51,"phone":52,"popularity":53,"schedules":54,"website":55,"wikipediaId":56},"Piazzale degli Uffizi",43.7687,11.2559,"Uffizi Gallery","50122","9ddbd1f9-4e02-4a8f-a1d2-95e12df7f5ed",{"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":41,"id":42,"country":43,"slug":47,"image":22},"Florence","6512bd43-d9c2-4e33-9a9f-f90b5a81f2e4",{"id":44,"name":45,"slug":46},"1b8d9394-d613-47b2-8fab-248c12a7246d","Italy","italy","florence","uffizi-gallery","The Uffizi Gallery (UK: \u002Fjuːˈfɪtsi, ʊˈfiːtsi\u002F yoo-FIT-see, uu-FEET-see; Italian: Galleria degli Uffizi, pronounced ) is a prominent art museum adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums and the most visited, it is also one of the largest and best-known in the world and holds a collection of priceless works, particularly from the period of the Italian Renaissance.\n\nAfter the ruling House of Medici died out, their art collections were given to the city of Florence under the famous Patto di famiglia (\"family pact\") negotiated by Anna Maria Luisa, the last Medici heiress. The Uffizi is one of the first modern museums. The gallery had been open to visitors by request since the sixteenth century, and in 1769 it was officially opened to the public, formally becoming a museum in 1865.","uffizi-gallery\u002Fbackground\u002Fuffizi-gallery_background","uffizi-gallery\u002Flogo\u002Fuffizi-gallery_logo","+39 055 294883",7,"Daily: 8.15 AM - 6.30 PM\nMondays, 1 January and 25 December: closed","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.uffizi.it","Uffizi",{"address":58,"latitude":59,"longitude":60,"name":61,"zipCode":62,"id":63,"city":64,"slug":71,"description":72,"background":73,"logo":74,"phone":75,"popularity":76,"schedules":22,"website":77,"wikipediaId":78},"13 Via delle Quattro Fontane",41.9033,12.4898,"Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica","00184","a773e40e-7d88-4543-8ed3-6cad96ca7f22",{"latitude":65,"longitude":66,"name":67,"id":68,"country":69,"slug":70,"image":22},41.8933,12.4829,"Rome","87ede6ec-ca58-4406-8443-8631a50d6355",{"id":44,"name":45,"slug":46},"rome","galleria-nazionale-d-arte-antica","The Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica ('National Gallery of Ancient Art') is an art museum in Rome, Italy. It is the principal national collection of older paintings in Rome – mostly from before 1800; it does not hold any antiquities. It has two sites: the Palazzo Barberini and the Palazzo Corsini.\n\nThe gallery's collection includes works by Bernini, Caravaggio, van Dyck, Holbein, Fra Angelico, Filippo Lippi, Lotto, Preti, Poussin, El Greco, Raphael, Tiepolo, Tintoretto, Rubens, Murillo, Ribera and Titian.","galleria-nazionale-d-arte-antica\u002Fbackground\u002Fgalleria-nazionale-d-arte-antica_background","galleria-nazionale-d-arte-antica\u002Flogo\u002Fgalleria-nazionale-d-arte-antica_logo","+39 06 482 4184",40,"https:\u002F\u002Fbarberinicorsini.org\u002Fen","Galleria_Nazionale_d'Arte_Antica",2,0,30,1,{"items":84,"total":179,"page":80,"pageSize":81,"totalPages":82},[85,120,152],{"title":86,"id":87,"artists":88,"slug":91,"date":92,"description":93,"height":94,"image":28,"inPrivateCollection":95,"isLocationUnknown":95,"originalTitle":96,"popularity":97,"width":98,"wikipediaId":99,"collections":100,"genres":101,"museum":110,"movements":113,"mediums":115},"Medusa","054c92e2-1479-4dde-9242-3fa19799bf35",[89],{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":90,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":4},{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"medusa","1597-1598","Two versions of Medusa were created by the Italian Baroque painter Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, one in 1596 and the other in ca. 1597. Both depict the moment from Greek mythology in which the Gorgon Medusa is killed by the demigod Perseus, but the Medusas are also self-portraits. Due to its bizarre and intricate design, the painting is said to display Caravaggio's unique fascination with violence and realism. The Medusa was commissioned by the Italian diplomat Francesco Maria del Monte, who planned to gift the commemorative shield to Ferdinando I de' Medici and have it placed in the Medici collection. It is now located in the Uffizi Museum in Florence without signature.",60,false,"Scudo con testa di Medusa (Italian)",43,55,"Medusa_(Caravaggio)",[],[102,106],{"name":103,"id":104,"slug":105},"Mythology","3a4e83ec-0f3f-4f44-9f84-94e21ad1abb0","mythology",{"name":107,"id":108,"slug":109},"Portrait","5e6f789a-abcd-4ef0-1234-567890abcdef","portrait",{"address":34,"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":37,"zipCode":38,"id":39,"city":111,"slug":48,"description":49,"background":50,"logo":51,"phone":52,"popularity":53,"schedules":54,"website":55,"wikipediaId":56},{"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":41,"id":42,"country":112,"slug":47,"image":22},{"id":44,"name":45,"slug":46},[114],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":22},[116],{"name":117,"id":118,"slug":119},"Oil on canvas mounted on wood","488ad56d-2d0e-41ef-98ab-84a99cb1d15d","oil-on-canvas-mounted-on-wood",{"title":121,"id":122,"artists":123,"slug":126,"date":127,"description":128,"height":129,"image":29,"inPrivateCollection":95,"isLocationUnknown":95,"originalTitle":130,"popularity":131,"width":132,"wikipediaId":133,"collections":134,"genres":135,"museum":138,"movements":141,"mediums":147},"Bacchus","a0899260-2461-4469-b875-6c5ed8c539db",[124],{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":125,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":4},{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"bacchus","c. 1596","Bacchus (c. 1596) is an oil painting by Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610) commissioned by Cardinal Francesco Maria del Monte. The painting shows a youthful Bacchus reclining in classical fashion with grapes and vine leaves in his hair, fingering the drawstring of his loosely draped robe. On a stone table in front of him is a bowl of fruit and a large carafe of red wine. He holds out a shallow goblet of the same wine, inviting the viewer to join him. The painting is currently held in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.",95,"Bacco (Italian)",74,85,"Bacchus_(Caravaggio)",[],[136,137],{"name":103,"id":104,"slug":105},{"name":107,"id":108,"slug":109},{"address":34,"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":37,"zipCode":38,"id":39,"city":139,"slug":48,"description":49,"background":50,"logo":51,"phone":52,"popularity":53,"schedules":54,"website":55,"wikipediaId":56},{"latitude":35,"longitude":36,"name":41,"id":42,"country":140,"slug":47,"image":22},{"id":44,"name":45,"slug":46},[142,143],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":22},{"name":144,"id":145,"slug":146,"dates":22},"Mannerism","a2e9a5d9-ac88-4d78-a441-951345eaed58","mannerism",[148],{"name":149,"id":150,"slug":151},"Oil on canvas","f74fc1b0-2804-4c39-a52c-84cad71698d7","oil-on-canvas",{"title":153,"id":154,"artists":155,"slug":158,"date":159,"description":160,"height":161,"image":30,"inPrivateCollection":95,"isLocationUnknown":95,"originalTitle":162,"popularity":163,"width":164,"wikipediaId":165,"collections":166,"genres":167,"museum":172,"movements":175,"mediums":177},"Judith Beheading Holofernes","9baae7a0-6f82-4b7d-aaa0-afe2fc464a4f",[156],{"name":4,"id":5,"nationality":157,"slug":10,"biography":11,"born":12,"death":13,"image":14,"popularity":15,"sex":16,"wikipediaId":4},{"id":7,"name":8,"slug":9},"judith-beheading-holofernes","c. 1598–1599 or 1602","Judith Beheading Holofernes is a painting of the biblical episode by the Italian Baroque artist Caravaggio, painted in c. 1598 – 1599 or 1602, in which the widow Judith stayed with the Assyrian general Holofernes in his tent after a banquet then decapitated him after he passed out drunk. The painting was rediscovered in 1950 and is part of the collection of the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in Rome. The exhibition 'Dentro Caravaggio', Royal Palace of Milan (Sept 2017 – Jan 2018), suggests a date of 1602 on account of the use of light underlying sketches not seen in Caravaggio's early work but characteristic of his later works. The exhibition catalogue (Skira, 2018, p88) also cites biographer artist Giovanni Pietro Baglione's account that the work was commissioned by Genoese banker Ottavio Costa.\n\nA second painting on the same subject (see below) and dated to 1607, attributed by several experts to Caravaggio but still disputed by others, was rediscovered by chance in 2014 and went on sale in June 2019 as Judith and Holofernes.",145,"Giuditta e Oloferne (Italian)",111,195,"Judith_Beheading_Holofernes_(Caravaggio)",[],[168],{"name":169,"id":170,"slug":171},"Christian Art","4de47523-b108-4653-9de4-31aebbb8634c","christian-art",{"address":58,"latitude":59,"longitude":60,"name":61,"zipCode":62,"id":63,"city":173,"slug":71,"description":72,"background":73,"logo":74,"phone":75,"popularity":76,"schedules":22,"website":77,"wikipediaId":78},{"latitude":65,"longitude":66,"name":67,"id":68,"country":174,"slug":70,"image":22},{"id":44,"name":45,"slug":46},[176],{"name":24,"id":25,"slug":26,"dates":22},[178],{"name":149,"id":150,"slug":151},3]